CHINESE CIVILISATION
Even more than the previous sections on North and South America, this section is the very briefest of summaries of the whole rest of the world, highlighting only one or two sites from the hundreds of thousands that are important in the development of local and national cultural traditions (and several chapters of the text are skipped). It eliminates completely the later, secondary states that are part of what are sometimes called the classical civilizations, such as Greece and Rome, and many many others that are often studied in history classes even though they have a rich archaeology. Also NOT covered in this section are the historical archaeology of most of the world and the development of secondary states in most of the world (Great Zimbabwe is an exception to this).
Briefly describe the pristine states that emerged in the four areas of the Old World. The first civilization in the world arose in Mesopotamia, the land around the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Iran and Iraq, in southwest Asia, around 3000 B.C. It was characterized by temple-based cities such as Eridu, with stepped pyramids called ziggurats, canal irrigation farming, and cuneiform writing on clay tablets. The earliest city emerged at Uruk, where early dynasties used armies with bronze weapons and chariots to conquer and control. A succession of city-states rose and fell, and powerful leaders and elites were buried with incredible wealth, including wagons and chariots, oxen, and human servants and other sacrifices, showing marked social stratification. How does this history relate to what is going on in this region of the world today? Can constant conflict become a part of culture history destined to continue?
Thursday, February 21, 2008
Know about world old civilisation
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